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1 θεμέλιος
θεμέλιος, ου, ὁ (s. prec. and next entry; Thu. 1, 93, 2; Polyb. 1, 40, 9; Lucian, Calum. 20; Macho Com., Fgm. 2 V. 2 K. [in Athen. 8, 346a]; Epict. 2, 15, 8; SIG 888, 55; 70; LXX [s. Thackeray 154]; En 18:1; TestSol 8:12 τοὺς θ. τοῦ ναοῦ; JosAs 15:13 cod. A [p. 62, 12 Bat.] ἀπὸ τῶν θεμελίων τῆς ἀβύσσου; Philo, Cher. 101, Spec. Leg. 2, 110; Jos., Bell. 5, 152, Ant. 5, 31; 11, 19; loanw. in rabb. In our lit. the masc. is certainly sg. in 1 Cor 3:11f; 2 Tim 2:19; Rv 21:19b; 1 Cl 33:3; Hs 9, 4, 2; 9, 14, 6; pl. in Hb 11:10; Rv 21:14, 19a)① the supporting base for a structure, foundationⓐ of a stone that constitutes a foundation (cp. Aristoph., Aves 1137 θεμέλιοι λίθοι: here θεμέλιος is an adj.) θεμελίους Rv 21:14; οἱ θ. 19a; ὁ θ. 19b.ⓑ of the structural base for a building (Diod S 11, 63, 1 ἐκ θεμελίων; Philo, Exsecr. 120 ἐκ θεμελίων ἄχρι στέγους οἰκίαν; TestSol 8:12 ὀρύσσειν τοὺς θ. τοῦ ναοῦ) χωρὶς θεμελίου Lk 6:49. τιθέναι θεμέλιον (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14) 14:29; ἐπί τι on someth. 6:48. The foundations of the heavenly city built by God τοὺς θ. Hb 11:10 (s. RKnopf, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 215; LMuntingh, Hb 11:8–10 in the Light of the Mari Texts: AvanSelms Festschr. ’71, 108–20 [contrasts ‘tents of Abraham’ w. the city]).② the basis for someth. taking place or coming into being, foundation, fig. extension of mng. 1ⓐ of the elementary beginnings of a thing; of the founding of a congregation ἐπʼ ἀλλότριον θ. Ro 15:20; θεμέλιον ἔθηκα 1 Cor 3:10; οἰκοδομεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν θ. 12. Of elementary teachings θεμέλιον καταβάλλεσθαι lay a foundation (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69; cp. the lit. use Jos., Ant. 11, 93; 15, 391) Hb 6:1. θεμέλιος τῆς οἰκοδομῆς Hs 9, 4, 2; of Christ s. 2b.ⓑ of the indispensable prerequisites for someth. to come into being: God’s will is the foundation of an orderly creation ἐπὶ τὸν ἀσφαλῆ … θ. 1 Cl 33:3. The foundation of the Christian church or congregation: Christ θ. … ἄλλον … θεῖναι 1 Cor 3:11 (AFridrichsen, TZ 2, ’46, 316f); αὐτὸς θεμέλιος αὐτοῖς ἐγένετο he (God’s son) became its foundation Hs 9, 14, 6; the apostles and prophets ἐπὶ τῷ θ. Eph 2:20; cp. ὁ … στερεὸς … θ. 2 Ti 2:19.ⓒ a foundation provides stability, therefore treasure, reserve (Philo, Sacr. Abel. 81 θεμέλιος τῷ φαύλῳ κακία, Leg. All. 3, 113) 1 Ti 6:19 θεμέλιον καλὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον = ‘something fine to build on for the future’.—DELG s.v. θεμός. Frisk s.v. θέμεθλα. M-M. TW. -
2 ἐποικοδομέω
ἐποικοδομέω 1 aor. ἐποικοδόμησα (on the lack of augment s. Mlt-H. 191); 1 aor. pass. ἐποικοδομήθην (s. οἰκοδομέω Thu. et al.; ins, pap, Philo, Joseph.) Used in imagery in our lit.① to build someth. on someth. already built, build on to (X.; Pla., Leg. 5 p. 736e; ins; PGiss 67, 12; Jos., Ant. 12, 253).ⓐ of stones to become part of a tower ἔμελλε πάλιν ἐποικοδομεῖσθαι the building was to be continued Hs 9, 5, 1; cp. v 3, 8, 9.ⓑ of building on someth. or someone. In ref. to the beginnings of a congregation (w. θεμέλιον τιθέναι; cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 79.—Philo, Somn. 2, 8: θεμελίων τρόπον … ἄλλα … σοφῆς ἀρχιτέκτονο … ἐποικοδομῶμεν) 1 Cor 3:10; cp. vs. 14. ἐ. ἐπί τι build upon someth. (OGI 483, 117 ἐπὶ τοὺς τοίχους ἐ.) vs. 12. ἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ τῶν ἀποστόλων built on the foundation of the apostles Eph 2:20 (ἐπί w. dat. as X., An. 3, 4, 11); cp. 1 Pt 2:5 v.l. in 2. This mng leads naturally to② to engage in a building process of personal and corporate development, edify, build up/on, w. imagery less strong than in 1b (Epict. 2, 15, 8) Ac 20:32 v.l. ἐποικοδομούμενοι ἐν αὐτῷ built upon him (i.e. Christ; the prep. is explained by the preceding ἐρριζωμένοι) Col 2:7. ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες ἐποικοδομεῖσθε οἶκος πνευματικός let yourselves be built on (him) into a spiritual house 1 Pt 2:5 v.l. (the compound connects God’s people with Christ ‘the living stone’ vs. 4). Sim. Jd 20 ἐ. (ἀνοικ. P72) ἑαυτοὺς τῇ πίστει build each other up on the basis of the faith (ἐ. w. dat. as Epict. loc. cit.; Philo, Gig. 30, Conf. Lingu. 5).—DELG s.v. οἶκος. M-M. TW. -
3 οἰκοδομή
οἰκοδομή, ῆς, ἡ (οἶκος, δέμω ‘build’; rejected by the Atticists [Lob., Phryn. 421; 487ff; WSchmid, Der Attizismus III 1893, 248], but found since Aristot., EN 5, 14, 7; Diod S 1, 46, 4; Plut., Lucull. 518 [39, 2]; IG XIV, 645, 146 [Dorian]; OGI 655, 2 [25 B.C.]; PGrenf I, 21, 17 [126 B.C.]; BGU 699, 3; 894, 2; LXX; En; TestSol; Philo, Mos. 1, 224 v.l., Spec. Leg. 1, 73 v.l.; Joseph. [Schmidt 528f]; Just., D. 86, 6).① process of building, building, constructionⓐ lit. (2 Ch 3:2 v.l.; Sir 40:19; Jos., Ant. 11, 59; ViHg 1 [p. 87, 18 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 11, 59; Theoph. Ant. 3, 22 [p. 246, 24]; Did., Gen. 33, 27) ἐτελέσθη ἡ οἰκοδομή the construction was at an end Hs 9, 5, 1a. ἀνοχὴ τῆς οἰκ. a delay in the building ibid. b; 9, 14, 2. Hv 3, 2, 8 prob. belongs in 2a.ⓑ fig., of spiritual strengthening (s. οἰκοδομέω 3) edifying, edification, building up.α. act., w. obj. gen. πρὸς τὴν οἰκ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας for the building up of the church 1 Cor 14:12. ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκ. 2 Cor 12:19. Abs. πρὸς οἰκοδομήν for edification Ro 15:2; 1 Cor 14:26; cp. Eph 4:29 (Straub 36). Paul has received his authority fr. the Lord εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν 2 Cor 13:10; cp. 10:8. τὰ τῆς οἰκ. τῆς εἰς ἀλλήλους what makes for the edification of each other Ro 14:19. The letters of Ignatius contain πᾶσαν οἰκοδομήν Pol 13:2. Abstr. for concr. ὁ προφητεύων λαλεῖ οἰκοδομήν the one who prophesies speaks words that edify 1 Cor 14:3.β. pass. οἰκοδομὴν λαβεῖν receive edification, be edified 1 Cor 14:5. εἰς οἰκ. τ. σώματος τ. Χριστοῦ that the body of Christ might be built up Eph 4:12. εἰς οἰκ. ἑαυτοῦ for its own edification vs. 16 (for the grammar cp. TestJob 11:5 εἰς οἰκονομίαν τῶν πτωχῶν).② a building as result of a construction process, building, edificeⓐ lit.; pl., of secular buildings (Diod S 16, 76, 2; 20, 8, 3) Hs 1:1 (w. ἀγροί, παρατάξεις, οἰκήματα); GJs 9:3; 13:1. Esp. of temple buildings (1 Esdr 5:70) εἰς τὴν οἰκ. ἐλπίζειν put one’s hope in the building alone 16:1. Pl. of various buildings in the temple area Mk 13:1f. αἱ οἰκοδομαὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ Mt 24:1. Esp. freq. in the imagery of the tower in Hermas (v 3; Hs 9). Yet in many pass. mng. 1a is also prob.: ἡ οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου the tower building (or the building of the tower) Hv 3, 2, 6b; 3, 4, 1f; 3, 5, 1b; 3, 12, 3; Hs 9, 1, 2; 9, 3, 3; 9, 4, 2ff; 9, 5, 2; 9, 17, 4 al. τὰ ἐξώτερα μέρη τῆς οἰκ. the outside of the building Hs 9, 9, 3b. Of the stones: εὔχρηστοι εἰς (τὴν) οἰκ. v 3, 5, 5; 3, 6, 1; 6; also εὔχρηστοι τῇ οἰκ. Hs 9, 15, 6. χρήσιμοι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου v 4, 3, 4. ἀπενεχθῆναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 8, 3a. ἀπέρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 5, 3f; 9, 7, 4a; 6f; 9, 10, 2. ἀποβάλλεσθαι ἐκ (ἀπὸ) τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 7, 1; 9, 8, 3b; 9, 9, 5. ἀποδοκιμάζειν ἐκ τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 12, 7; pass. (without ἐκ) 9, 23, 3; ἁρμόζειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 6, 5; 3, 7, 5; pass. Hs 9, 4, 3; 9, 8, 5ff; 9, 9, 4; 9, 15, 4. βάλλειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 7, 4; 6; 9, 8, 2a; pass. 9, 7, 5; 9, 10, 1; 9, 30, 2. δοκιμάζειν τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 5, 2b. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 12, 4; 9, 13, 4. ἐκλέγεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 9, 3a. ἐπιδιδόναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 4, 5; 8; 9, 15, 5; pass. 9, 4, 6. ἐπιθυμεῖν τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 9, 7. ἐπιτίθεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 5, 2. ἐργάζεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. work at the building Hs 9, 6, 2b. εὑρεθῆναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 6, 4. ὁ ἐφεστὼς εἰς τὴν οἰκ. Hs 9, 6, 2a. κατανοεῖν τὴν οἰκ. examine the building Hs 9, 5, 7; 9, 6, 3. συναρμόζεσθαι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. τοῦ πύργου Hs 9, 16, 7. τιθέναι εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 2, 6a; 7; Hs 9, 7, 2; 9, 8, 2b; pass. v 3, 5, 4; Hs 9, 6, 8; 9, 8, 4; 9, 9, 2; 9, 13, 6; 9, 16, 1; 9, 17, 3; 9, 29, 4; 9, 30, 1. τίθεσθαι ἐκ τῆς οἰκ. Hs 9, 8, 1. ὑπάγειν εἰς τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 5, 1a; 3; 3, 6, 2; Hs 9, 3, 3f. χρᾶσθαι εἰ τὴν οἰκ. v 3, 2, 8.ⓑ Hermas hesitates betw. the literal and nonliteral uses of οἰκ. but the fol. passages are quite nonliteral (οἱ τοῦ χριστιανισμοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 8): θεοῦ οἰκοδομή ἐστε you are God’s building 1 Cor 3:9 (AFridrichsen [s. γεώργιον]; on the imagery Straub 85–88). In Eph 2:21 the Christian community is called an οἰκοδομή, more definitely a ναὸς ἅγιος ἐν κυρίῳ that is erected on the foundation of the apostles and prophets w. Christ Jesus as cornerstone (HSchlier, Christus u. d. Kirche im Eph 1930).—Of Christians ὄντες λίθοι ναοῦ πατρὸς ἡτοιμασμένοι εἰς οἰκοδομὴν θεοῦ πατρός since you are stones for the Father’s temple, made ready for the building of God the Father IEph 9:1.—Fig., in another way, of the glorified body of the departed Christian οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ ἔχομεν, οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον we have a building fr. God, a house not made w. hands 2 Cor 5:1; Rv 21:18 v.l. (for ἐνδώμησις). S. on οἰκητήριον 2.—Lit. on οἰκοδομέω end.—DELG s.v. δέμω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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